Ngā Utauta Matua mō te Runga i te Pōka: He Aratohu Whānui ki te Whakarōpūtanga me te Whakamahinga o ngā Moka Kōne Roller me ngā Moka Taimana

01 Ngā Momo Kōne Roera: Ngā Utauta Maha mō te Whakarerekē ki ngā Hanganga

Mai i tōna taenga mai i te tau 1909, ko ngā mata porotaka kone te momo mata porotaka e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te keri hurihuri. Nā tōna hoahoa hanganga maha-kone ahurei ka taea e rātou te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga hanganga rerekē, mai i te ngohengohe ki te tino mārō.

Te Hanganga Hanganga me ngā Hangarau Matua

E rima ngā wāhanga matua o te poro porotaka kōne:

• Tinana Momo: E toru ngā waewae kōne kua honoa ngātahi, me ngā miro hononga i te taha o runga.
• Ngā Kone Roera: He tinana whakarewa kone me ngā niho mira, ngā niho whakauru rānei ki te mata.
• Pūnaha Whatanga: Kei roto ko ngā huinga whatanga e whā: ngā whatanga nui, ngā whatanga waenga, ngā whatanga iti, me ngā whatanga pana.
• Ngā Pūwero: E 3-4 te maha, ā, ko te whānui he 7-14 mm.
• Pūnaha Rokiroki me te Hiri Hinu: Ngā mowhiti hiri rapa, whakarewa rānei kua honoa ki ngā taputapu whakamāmā pēhanga.

I roto i ēnei, ko te hangarau hiri peera he whanaketanga hangarau matua mō ngā mata porotaka kōne. Ka whakamahia e ngā mata porotaka hou he pūnaha utu pēhanga rokiroki hinu, e pupuri ana i te taurite hihiri i waenga i te pēhanga hinu i roto i te kōhao peera me te pēhanga pou wai keri i roto i te poka raro mā roto i ngā wāhanga pēnei i ngā kōhao tuku pēhanga, ngā diaphragm utu pēhanga, me ngā kapu hinu.

Pūnaha Whakarōpū me te Waehere IADC

Kua whakawhanakehia e te International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) tētahi paerewa whakarōpūtanga ā-ao mō ngā moka kōne roera, mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūnaha waehere mati-toru:

Mati Tuatahi: Momo niho me te hanganga e tika ana

1: Niho mira, hanganga ngohengohe

2: Ngā niho mira, ngā hanganga mārō-waenga ki te mārō-waenga

3: Ngā niho mira, ngā hanganga mārō me te koi

5: Whakauruhia ngā niho, ngā hanganga ngawari ki te waenga

6: Whakauruhia ngā niho, ngā hanganga pakeke-waenga

7: Whakauruhia ngā niho, ngā hanganga mārō me ngā hanganga whakakoi

8: Whakauruhia ngā niho, ngā hanganga tino mārō me te tino haehae

Mati Tuarua: Wehewehenga o te pakeketanga o te hanganga (Taumata 1-4; ko ngā tau teitei ake e tohu ana i ngā hanganga pakari ake)

Mati Tuatoru: Ngā āhuatanga hanganga moka

4: Ngā peera roera hiri

6: Ngā peera reti hiri

7: Ngā peera reti hiri + te tiaki ine whakauru

8: Ngā mata whakapiko mō te keri ahunga

Pūnaha Whakarōpū IADC Ngāwari mō ngā Moka Kone Roera

Te Tikanga Pakaru Toka me ngā Āhuatanga Nekehanga

I te wā e mahi ana, e toru ngā momo nekehanga whakakotahi o te poro porotaka:

• Hurihanga: Ka huri ngā koeko ki te taha matau me te mata katoa.
• Hurihanga: Ka huri ngā niho ki te taha maui o te tōki o te koeko.
• Retireti: Tae atu ki te reti radial me te reti tangential.

Ka tutuki i tēnei nekehanga whakakotahi te pānga pakaru toka rua:

1.Pānga Pakaru Pānga: Mā te hononga tauutuutu o ngā niho takitahi me ngā niho takirua ki te kōhao o raro ka puta he wiri roa, ka puta he kawenga pānga.

2.Pānga Kutikuti Paheke: Ka tutuki te kutikuti toka mā te hoahoa i te taupua, te koeko takirua, me ngā hanganga taurite.

Rautaki Kōwhiringa me te Taurite Whakatakotoranga 

Ngā mātāpono taketake mō te whiriwhiri i ngā poro porotaka i runga i ngā āhuatanga o te toka:

• Ngā Hanganga Ngāwari: Kōwhiria ngā wahi he hanganga āputaputa, āputaputa, me ngā hanganga kōne-rua, he roa, he whānui, he taratahi hoki ngā niho mira, niho whakauru rānei.
• Ngā Āhuatanga Waenga-Pakeke: Whakaitihia ngā uara o te ōwehenga, te taupua, me te kōne takirua; whakamahia ngā niho poto, whaiti, me te matotoru.
• Ngā Hanganga Mārō me ngā Hanganga Whakakoi: Whakamahia ngā roera kōne kotahi, kāore he iri, he āputaputa rānei, he niho pōro, he niho pōro kōne rānei.
• Ngā Āhuatanga Ka Pāngia e te Piko: Tīpakohia ngā wahi niho-poto, kāore he āputaputa, he āputaputa iti rānei, ā, kāore he niho ine.
• Ngā Hanganga Ngāwari me ngā Hanganga Mārō i waenganui i ngā Moenga: Tīpakohia ngā momo moka i runga i te toka mārō, ka whakarerekē hihiri i ngā tawhā i te wā e keri ana.

Te Urupare ki ngā Tikanga Mahi Motuhake

• Ngā Pūwero Iti (<177 mm): Whakamahia ngā mata kōne kotahi-roera, he nui ake ngā kōne, ngā niho, me ngā whāriki hei whakapakari ake i te kaha.
• Te Keri Aronga: Tīpakohia ngā mata whakakorikori motuhake me te mati tuatoru o te waehere IADC ko te 8. 

02 Ngā Momo Taimana: Ngā Utauta Kaha mō ngā Hanganga Mārō 

Hei rauemi tino mārō o te taiao, ko te pakeke o te taimana he rite ki te taumata Mohs 10, ko te kaha pēhi tae atu ki te 8800 MPa, ā, ko te ātete ki te kakahu he 9000 ngā wā i tō te maitai. Mā te whakamahi i tēnei āhuatanga, kua noho ngā mata taimana hei taputapu tino pai mō te whakatika i ngā hanganga mārō.

Pūnaha Whakarōpū me te Whanaketanga Hangarau

E toru ngā momo matua o ngā poro taimana o ēnei rā:

1.Ngā Momo Taimana Tautuhi-Mata

• E kitea ana ngā matūriki taimana i runga i te mata o te matrix.
• He pai mō ngā hanganga waenga-mārō ki te mārō.
• Te whakarōpūtanga rahi matūriki taimana:
• Ngā hanganga ngohengohe: 2 ngā karāti mō ia karati (gpc) (te rahi o te matūriki tata ki te 4 mm)
• Ngā hanganga pakeke-waenga: 3-4 gpc (rahi matūriki tata ki te 3.6 mm)
• Ngā hanganga mārō: 10-15 gpc (rahi matūriki tata ki te 2.0 mm)

2.Ngā Momo Taimana Kua Whakakīia

• Ka whakakīia ngā taimana ki roto i te matihiko (60-400 gpc).
• He pai mō ngā hanganga mārō me ngā hanganga whakakoi (hei tauira, te kiripaka, te dolomite siliceous).
• Ka tutuki te whakakoi-ā-tangata i a ia anō mā te kakahu matrix.

3.Ngā Momo PDC (Ngā Momo Taimana Polycrystalline)

• I whakaurua tuatahitia e General Electric (GE) o te Hononga o Amerika i te tau 1973.
• Hanganga kiato: Paparanga taimana + paparanga waro sima.
• He pai mō ngā hanganga ngohengohe ki te pakeke-waenganui.

Hoahoa Hanganga me ngā Tawhā Matua

Ko ngā poro taimana he hoahoa whakauru, kāore he wāhanga neke, tae atu ki:

• Tinana Rino: He mea hanga ki te maitai waro reo, me ngā miro hononga i te taha o runga.
• Matrix: Paura kāpira tungsten + konganuku honohono parahi, me te tohu pakeke o te HRC 30-45.
• Ngā Huānga Tapahi: Taimana tūturu/hangai, taimana PDC rānei.
• Hanganga Waipēhi: Ngā awa wai me ngā awa rere (pūtoro, porowhita, me ētahi atu).

Ngā Tawhā Hoahoa Matua

• Te Kukū Taimana: Kua whakarerekētia i runga i te kaha o te whakakoi i te hanganga; he kukū teitei ake mō ngā hanganga whakakoi ake.
• Teitei o te Putanga:
• Ngā hanganga ngohengohe: 1/3 o te rahi o te matūriki
• Ngā hanganga mārō: 1/6-1/10 o te rahi o te matūriki
• Āhua Ngutu:
• Papa-papatahi: Mō ngā hanganga ōrite
• Piko: Mō ngā hanganga mārō
• Niho: Mō ngā hanganga whakakoi

Te Tikanga Pakaru-Toka me te Tauhohenga Hanganga

He rerekē te tikanga pakaru toka o ngā mata taimana i runga i ngā āhuatanga hanganga:

Ngā Āhuatanga Kirihou (hei tauira, te paru, te gypsum): He rite ki te tukanga "parau"; ka uru ngā taimana ki te āhuahanga ka puta he rere kirihou o te toka.

Ngā Āhuatanga Pakaru (hei tauira, te kirikiri kirikiri kiripaka): Ka hangaia ngā poka kuru rahi, me te rahi tapahi e 2-4 ngā wā te nui ake i te putanga mai o te taimana, ka hua ake he tino whai hua.

Ngā Kōhatu Mārō (hei tauira, te kiripaka, te kōhatu hiraka): Ka whakamahia ngā mata kōhatu kua whakakīia ki te wai, ā, ka tutuki te pakaru kōhatu mā te tapahi moroiti me te rakuraku, he rite ki te whakakoi i te wira huri.

Ngā Painga Hangarau me ngā Herenga o ngā Moka PDC

Hei hua auaha i roto i te whānau mata taimana, he painga motuhake tō ngā mata PDC:

Ngā Āhuatanga Hanganga

Ngā Momo PDC Tinana-Rino: He maitai waro waenga whakauru me te maimoatanga whakapakeke mata.

Ngā Momo PDC Tinana-Matrix: Tinana maitai o runga + matrix carbide tungsten o raro, e tuku ana i te mahi pai ake.

Hoahoa Kōtaha

Parabolic: Mō ngā hanganga ngohengohe, e āhei ai te teitei o te pikitia me te tere keri.

Porowhita: Mō te keri tēpu hurihuri, hei whakahaere i te urunga ki roto i ngā paparanga mārō.

Koniko: Mō te keri tere-nui, me te mahi uru pai.

Ngā Herenga Taupānga

Kāore i te pai mō ngā papa kirikiri me ngā papa ngohengohe-mārō e hono ana i ngā moenga.

Te rohe ātete pāmahana (ka kaha ake te kakahu i runga ake i te 350℃; ka pakaru te kaha i te 700℃).

Kāore i te tino ātete ki te pānga; he ngāwari te pakaru o ngā taha o ngā wahi hou.

Ripanga Whakataurite o ngā Hanganga e tika ana mō ngā Moka Taimana

03 Aratohu Kōwhiri Pūtaiao: Te Whakaōrite i ngā Whakangungu me ngā Whakaritenga Whakahaere

Ngā Ture Koura mō te Kōwhiringa o te Matawai Kone Roller

Te Whakataurite i te Pakari o te Hanganga

Ngā hanganga ngohengohe: Kōwhiria ngā wahi he teitei te āputaputa, he taupua, he takirua ngā hanganga kōne, he niho porowhita, he niho pūnu rānei.

Ngā hanganga mārō: Whakamahia he hanganga kōne kotahi, kāore e taupatupatu, he niho pōro, he niho pōro kōne rānei.

Te Urupare ki te Whakawerawera

Mō ngā hanganga whakakoi, whakamahia ngā mata whakairo me ngā niho ine.

Mena he porowhita ngā niho o te rarangi o waho, ā, he iti te pakaru o ngā niho o waenganui, me hoahoa te mata e whai ake nei me te tiaki ine kua whakarei ake.

Ngā Ārai mō ngā Tikanga Mahi Motuhake

Ngā hanganga e ngāwari ana te piko: Kōwhiria ngā wahi poto-niho, kāore he āputaputa, he āputaputa iti rānei; me ngawari ake te urutau o te hanganga i te hanganga tuturu.

Ngā hanganga ngohengohe-mārō e hono ana: Tīpakohia ngā moka i runga i te toka mārō, ka whakarerekē hihiri i ngā tawhā i te wā e keri ana.

Keri poka hohonu: Whakamahia ngā mata he nui te tapeke o te pikitia hei utu mō te ngaronga o te wā takahuri.

Rautaki Kōwhiri mō ngā Moka Taimana

Ngā Tikanga e Pā Ana mō ngā Moka PDC

Ngā āhuatanga tino pai: He roa, he ōrite, he ngohengohe, he mārō-waenga (hei tauira, he kirikiri, he paru, he gypsum).

Ngā āhuatanga kāore i te whakaaetia: Ngā hanganga kirikiri, ngā papa kohatu kiripaka, ngā hanganga ngohengohe-mārō i waenganui i ngā papa.

Tautuhinga tawhā: WOB iti (30-60 kN), RPM teitei (100-300 rpm), tere rere nui.

Ngā Tikanga e Pā Ana mō ngā Moka Taimana Taiao/Hangai

Ngā hanganga mārō ki ngā hanganga tino mārō (hei tauira, te karāneti, te kirikiri kirikiri kuata).

Ngā hanganga tino whakakoi (hei tauira, te kiripaka, te dolomite siliceous).

Te keri tāpine, ngā puna hohonu/tino hohonu, me ngā mahi keri pūtake.

Ngā Whakaritenga Motuhake mō ngā Moka Matua

Ngā moka matua o te kōne roera: He hoahoa kōne roera-whā (kone/porotaka) he hoahoa kōne roera-ono rānei (porotaka katoa).

Ngā mata matua taimana: Me whai taha tapahi tohatoha ōrite me te ātete kakahu ōrite.

Tohu matua: Kia ōrite te āhua i waenganui i te kōhao o roto me te porowhita o waho hei karo i te āhua porowhita o te matua.

Te Whakatau me te Whakahaere i te Anomaly o te Runga Pōhatu

Te Tautuhi Āhua Mahi o te Roller Cone Bit

Te Pakaru o te Peera: Te ru i te tēpu hurihuri i ētahi wā, te kino haere i raro i te WOB teitei, te tere keri kua heke engari he pēhanga papu noa.

Te Ngaronga o te Kone: Te piri nui o te keri, te piki me te heke o te tohu taumaha, te rerekētanga o te hohonutanga o te pakaru ina hutia ake te aho keri.

Te Pakaru o ngā Niho: He iti ake te kawenga i runga i te tēpu hurihuri, kāore he ru, he nui te hekenga o te tere keri.

Ngā Taputapu Whakamahi mō ngā Moka Taimana

Me horoi te kōhao o raro i mua i te tīmatanga o te whakatō i te mata whakakoi ki raro i te kōhao kia kore ai he para whakarewa e toe ana.

Tīmatahia te keri me te WOB iti me te RPM iti hei "whakauru" (0.5 m te whakatikatika i te raro o te kōhao).

Kaua e whakamātauria anō; ki te tika, whakamahia te WOB iti me te RPM iti mō te mahi ōrite.

Whakapā mai:Jessie Zhou
Waea Pūkoro/Whatsapp:+0086-18109206861
Tukutuku:www.landrilltools.com