1. He aha te mahi poka raro?
Ko te whakahaere i raro i te poka he huarahi hangarau hei whakarite i te whakaputanga noa o ngā puna hinu me te wai i roto i te tukanga tūhuratanga me te whakawhanaketanga o ngā mara hinu. He rauemi nui kei raro i te whenua te hinu me te hau māori e tanumia ana i ngā mano mita, i ngā mano mita rānei. Ka keria ēnei taonga hinu mā roto i ngā ara toka ka keria mā roto i ngā paparanga hinu o raro ki te whenua me te utu nui. I roto i te tukanga whakaputa mō te wā roa, ka pāngia tonutia ngā puna hinu me te wai e te rere o te hinu me te hau, nō reira ka huri haere tonu ngā puna hinu, ka tawhito haere, ā, ka puta ngā momo pakaru, ka mutu te whakaputanga noa o ngā puna hinu me te wai. Tae noa ki te mutu. Nō reira, me whakahaere ngā mahi raro i ngā puna hinu me te wai e raru ana, e pakaru ana, kia taea ai te whakahoki mai i te whakaputanga noa o ngā puna hinu me te wai. Ko ngā mahi raro i te poka ko te tiaki i ngā puna hinu me te wai, te whakahou i ngā puna hinu me te wai, te hanga anō i ngā puna wai me te whakamātautau hinu.
2. Ngā mahi tiaki
I roto i te tukanga whakaputa hinu me te werohanga wai i roto i ngā puna hinu me ngā puna wai, nā te hanga onepu me te tote o te hanganga, te tanumia o te hanganga, te piri o te onepu papu, te piri o te tote, te whakatakotoranga ware piupiu rānei, te waikura o te takirere papu, te pakaru o te pūtāhui, te ngongo, te papu hinu. Nā ngā take maha pērā i te whati o te tokotoko, kāore e taea te whakaputa i ngā puna hinu me te wai i te tikanga tika. Ko te kaupapa o te tiaki i te puna hinu me te puna wai he whakahoki mai i te whakaputanga noa o ngā puna hinu me te wai mā te whakahaere me te hanga.
Ko te tiaki i te puna hinu me te puna wai ko: te werohanga whakamātautau puna wai, te whakakapinga hiri, te ine i te kōtaha mimiti wai; te tirotiro papu puna hinu, te horoi onepu, te whakahaere onepu, te waru i te ware pi o te anga, te purunga wai me te maimoatanga aituā ngāwari o raro i te poka me ētahi atu mahi whakahou.
Papu tirotiro puna hinu
Ina mahi te papu o te puna hinu i roto i te puna, ka whakaekea e te onepu, te ware pi, te hau, te wai me ētahi mea waikura, ka kino ai ngā wāhanga o te papu, ka pakaru te papu, ā, ka mutu te whakaputanga o te puna hinu. Nō reira, he mea nui te tirotiro i te papu hei pupuri i te mahi pai o te papu me te pupuri i te whakaputanga noa o te puna papu.
Ko te mahi matua o te papu tirotiro puna hinu ko te hiki me te whakaheke i te tokotoko ngote me te paipa hinu. Kāore i te teitei te pēhanga o te puna, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i te taputapu tango mō ngā mahi whakararo i te poka. Mō ngā puna he mea e hinga ana, he pēhanga hanganga teitei ake rānei, ka taea te whakamahi i te tote tote, i te wai ma rānei mō ngā mahi whakararo i te poka i muri i te pehitanga o te puna, ā, me karo i te patu paru.
Me aro nui ki ngā mahi tirotiro papu: te tatau tika i te hohonu o te papu, te whakakotahitanga tika o ngā tokotoko ngote me ngā ngongo, me te whakahaere i ngā tokotoko ngote whai tohu, ngā ngongo me ngā papu poka hohonu, me ētahi atu, he mea nui ēnei hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te papu.
Werohanga wai o te mara hinu
He huarahi whai hua te werohanga wai o ngā mara hinu hei pupuri i te pēhanga o te paparanga hinu, he mahi whai hua hoki hei pupuri i te pumau me te nui o te whakaputanga mō te wā roa i roto i ngā mara hinu, hei whakanui ake i te tere o te whakaora hinu me te tere whakaora whakamutunga.
I muri i te whakatau i te mahere whanaketanga werohanga wai o te mara hinu, kia whiwhi ai i ngā mōhiohio e tika ana pēnei i te pēhanga werohanga me te rōrahi werohanga o ia paparanga werohanga, me haere i te wāhanga werohanga whakamātautau i mua i te werohanga wai ōkawa.
Werohanga whakamātautau: i mua i te whakaurunga mana o te puna hinu ki roto i te werohanga wai, ko te tukanga whakamātautau me te hanga o te werohanga puna hou, te werohanga whakawhiti puna hinu rānei, e kiia ana ko te werohanga whakamātautau. Mō te puna werohanga wai, ko te tango i te keke paru, ngā paru, me te paru i runga i te pakitara me te raro o te puna hou, o te puna hinu rānei i mua i te werohanga, me te whakatau i te taupū mimiti wai o te puna werohanga wai, hei whakatakoto i te turanga pai mō te whakatinanatanga o te mahere werohanga wai. E toru ngā wāhanga o te werohanga whakamātautau, arā, te whakaheke wai, te horoi puna, te werohanga whakawhiti me ngā mahi werohanga tāpiri e tika ana.
Te aukati wai whiriwhiri
I roto i te tukanga whakawhanake i te mara hinu, ka pā kino te wai e puta mai ana i te paparanga hinu ki te mahi whakawhanake i te mara hinu, ā, ka whakaitihia te tere whakaora whakamutunga o te mara hinu. I muri i te whakaputanga wai o te puna hinu, tuatahi me whakatau te taumata wai, kātahi ka whakamahia te tikanga kati wai hei hiri. Ko te kaupapa o te aukati wai he whakahaere i te rere o te wai i roto i te paparanga whakaputa wai me te whakarerekē i te ahunga rere o te wai i roto i te hinu e waipuke ana, te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te waipuke wai, me te ngana ki te whakaiti, ki te whakau rānei i te whakaputanga wai o te mara hinu mō tētahi wā, kia mau tonu ai te pikinga o te whakaputanga hinu, te whakaputanga pumau rānei, me te whakapai ake i te whakaora whakamutunga o te mara hinu.
E rua ngā momo hangarau aukati wai: te aukati wai ā-ringa me te aukati wai matū. Kei roto i te aukati wai matū te aukati wai whiriwhiri me te aukati wai kore-whiriwhiri me te whakatikatika i te kōtaha mimiti wai o ngā puna weronga wai.
1.Te aukati wai ā-mīhiniKo te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tākai me ngā taputapu tautoko o raro i te poka hei hiri i te paparanga putanga wai i roto i te puna hinu. Kāore he kōwhiringa o tēnei momo aukati wai. I te wā e hangaia ana, me whakarite te aho paipa kia tika, kia piri hoki te hiri o te nohoanga tākai, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te aukati wai. Ka taea e tēnei tikanga aukati wai te hiri i te paparanga o runga hei keri i te paparanga o raro, te hiri i te paparanga o raro hei keri i te paparanga o runga, te hiri rānei i te paparanga waenga hei keri i ngā pito e rua, me te hiri i ngā pito e rua hei keri i te paparanga waenga.
2.Te aukati wai matūKo te werohanga o te matū whakapūmau matū ki roto i te paparanga putanga wai, me te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga matū o te matū whakapūmau, i ngā matū rānei i hangaia e te huringa o ngā matū tauhohenga i roto i te hanganga hei hiri i ngā awa putanga wai o te hanganga, hei whakaiti hoki i te tapahi wai whānui o te puna hinu.
Ko te aukati wai whiriwhiri ko te whakaputa i ētahi pūmua ngota ngota teitei, ētahi matū kore-waro rānei ka whakapūpū, ka totoka ina tūtaki ki te wai ki roto i te hanganga. He hononga me te piri o te ira hydrophilic i roto i te pūmua ki te wai ina tūtaki ki te wai, ā, ka whānui; ka mimiti ina tūtaki ki te hinu, ā, kāore he pānga piri. Ko ngā matū kore-waro e hanga ana i te ua me te totoka ina tūtaki ki te wai ka ārai i te awa putanga wai o te hanganga, ā, e kore e puta he ua, he totoka rānei ina tūtaki ki te hinu.
Ko te tikanga o te aukati wai kore-whiriwhiri ko te aukati i ngā matūriki oneone hei aukati i ngā pūwero hanganga. Ehara i te mea ko te aukati wai anake te ārai i te awa wai, engari ko te awa hinu anō hoki.
Te whakahou i te puna hinu
I roto i te tukanga whakaputanga o ngā puna hinu, nā ngā aituā o raro i te poka me ētahi atu take, kāore e taea te whakaputa i ngā puna hinu me te wai i te nuinga o te wā, inā koa i muri i te piri me te hinga o ngā mea o raro i te poka, ka whakaitihia, ka mutu rānei te whakaputanga o ngā puna hinu me te wai, ā, i ngā wā tino kino, ka parahia ngā puna hinu me te wai. Nō reira, he mea nui kia whakarite kia puta noa te whakaputanga o te mara hinu hei ārai i te puta o ngā aituā o raro i te poka, kia tere ai te whakatika. Ko ngā kaupapa matua o te whakahounga o ngā puna hinu me te wai ko: te whakahaere i ngā aituā o raro i te poka, te whakaora i ngā mea hinga uaua, te whakatika i ngā anga, te huri i te ara, me ētahi atu.
He uaua, he uaua, he tino uaua hoki te whakahou i ngā puna hinu me te wai. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā take mō ngā aituā o raro i te poka, ā, he maha ngā momo aituā o raro i te poka. E toru ngā wāhanga o ngā aituā noa o raro i te poka: ngā aituā hangarau, ngā aituā paipa piri ki raro i te poka, me ngā aituā taka taonga o raro i te poka. I te wā e whakatau ana, me kimi te āhua o te aituā, me kimi te take o te aituā, me te mahi i ngā mahi hangarau e tika ana hei whakahaere tika. Ka puta ngā aituā hangarau katoa i te wā e mahi ana, ā, ka taea te whakahaere i mua i runga i te take o te aituā i te wā e hanga ana. Ko ngā aituā piri ki raro i te poka me ngā aituā taka taonga o raro i te poka ngā aituā matua o raro i te poka e pā ana ki te whakaputa noa o ngā puna hinu me te wai. AITĀ. He maha hoki ngā aituā noa o raro i te whenua.
Wā tuku: 11 o Ākuhata 2023
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